Hamsili Pilav / Kapça Princoni / Hamsi Pilaf - |
Karalahana / Collards |
Pucişi* diye adlandırdıkları süt ürünleri Lazların mutfağında ve gündelik hayatlarında önemli yer işgal eder. Geleneksel Laz evinin alt bölümü ahırdır. Geçmişte her evde üç beş inek bulundurulup sütsüz kalmamaya çok özen gösterilirdi. Yine de her ne sebeple olursa olsun bir süre sütsüz kalındığı zamanlar oluyordu. Bu sürelerde komşular haftada bir iki kere süt verip o evi sütsüz bırakmazlardı. Sütten yapılan peynir, tereyağı, minci (çökelek), yoğurt, ayran, sütlaç Laz evlerinde mutlaka her gün tüketilen gıdaydı. Bunun için süt işi olmayan bir ev bir bakıma yarı aç, yatı tok sayılırdı.
Et çeşitlerine gelince, Laz mutfağında fazla yer işgal etmediğini görüyoruz. Kuru fasulye, taze fasulye ve lahana sarmalarda tercihe göre et kullanıldığı görülse de bunlar geleneksel özellik taşımaz. Lazların en özgün et yemeği, bayram ve özel günler dışında pek rastlanmayan nz’eli dedikleri kemiksiz etten yaptıkları kavurmadır. Bunun dışında etin diğer çeşitleri ve kıyma ile yapılan yemekler özgün Laz mutfağına girmez.
Tavuk ve diğer kümes hayvanlarının tüketimi de gündelik hayatta pek yer bulmaz. Ancak tavuk Lazlar için çok değerlidir. Bazı özel günlerde, damat davet edildiğinde ya da çok önemli bir misafir ağırlanırken mutlaka tavuk kesilirdi. Eskiden köy kümesçiliği Lazların genel tavuk eti ve yumurta ihtiyacını karşılardı. Ancak günümüzde köylerde bile artık tavukçuluk yapılmamaktadır.
*Pucişi: İneğe ait, inek işi, süt işi. Puci: İnek
Özgün Laz Mutfağından Bazı Yemekler:
Bu çalışmada anlatmak istediğimiz hiçbir şekilde dar anlamda bir yemek tarifi değildir. Amacımız yemek tarifleri yapılırken gelenekselliği ile ortaya koyup okuyucuya sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda tarifler yapılırken yemek hazırlığında kullanılan malzemeler ve bazı yemeklere dair bilgiler verilecektir.
Lahana yemekleri
Lahana dövme (lu ncaxeyi), lahana ezme (lu mk’vaneyi), pirinçli lahana (lu princoni), lahana kavurma (lu pancayi), sarma (lu sarma)
Hamsi yemekleri
Hamsi tava (kapça tağaneyi), hamsili ekmek (kopçoni mçkudi), yumurtalı hamsi (kapça makfaloni), hamsili pilav (kapça princoni), plekide hamsili ekmek, (kapça geç’veyi)
Fasulye yemekleri
Kuru fasulye (xaci gubeyi), dövme fasulye (xaci ncaxeyi), susuz fasulye (xaci geşiyeyi)
Diğer yemekler
Peynir tavalama (mkvali getağaneyi), turşu tavalama (turşi tağaneyi), lapa, kaplama, el makarnası (xeşi makayina)
Tatlılar
Laz böreği (bureği), baklava, burma (bulma), sütlaç (sutli), gemsxineyi, kada, termoni (aşureye benzer
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Laz cooking contains three important ingredients: Kale, hamsi and milk products. In other words, it is not an extremely varied cuisine. We observe that while there is an attempt to achieve different flavors with limited ingredients and possibilities. Wherever Laz go, kale and hamsi are indispensable flavors in their cooking. In various forms, Kale constitutes a main ingredient in Laz cuisine throughout the seasons. As hamsi is seasonal, it is consumed fresh during the winter. According to the Laz, “hamsi is not flavorful if the snow is not melting.” In the summer, salt-preserved hamsi is used. In the past, hamsi was bought by the cases when it was cheap, and after cleaning and salting it was stored in vessels underground. With the exception of a few other fish such as horse mackerel, gray mullet, bonito and turbot, the Laz don’t have much of a fish culture. Red scaled freshwater trout must also be mentioned. Trout is caught during the summer with fishing poles, nets and sometimes by changing the course of streams.
Milk products, known in the Laz language as pucişi (pertaining to cows, from puci, cow), occupy an important place in Laz cooking and in everyday life. In the traditional Laz home, the ground floor is a stable. In the past, every home had three to five cows and great care was taken to avoid running out of milk. Still for various reasons, there were times when a family would have no milk. During such times, neighbors would give the milk two or three times a week; the would never leave a home without milk. Milk products such as cheese, butter, minci (a cheese made by pouring fresh milk into the whey left after cheese making), yogurt, ayran and sütlaç (rice pudding) were foods consumed every day in Laz households. For this reason a home where milk products were not being made was seen as half full, half hungry.
As for meats, we see that they do not hold a major place in Laz cooking. Although meat is used optionally in dishes such as dry beans, green beans and stuffed cabbage, these are not traditional. The most truly Laz meat dish is nz’eli, a dish rarely seen outside festivals and special days. It is boneless meat cooked in its own fat. Other types of meat and dishes made with ground meat are not a part of the original Laz cuisine.
Chicken and other fowl are also not much consumed in everyday Laz life. However chickens are quite valuable to the Laz. On some special days, when the groom was invited into the bride’s home or an important guest was being welcomed, a chicken would always be slaughtered. In the old days, chickens were raised in the village to meet the need for meat and eggs. But today there is not much poultry raised in the villages today.
Some examples of original Laz Cooking
The object in this article is not to provide recipes in the strict sense but rather to give the reader an idea of what is traditional to the Laz people. In this context some information is provided in the descriptions of some dishes and the ingredients used.
Kale dishes
Mashed kale (lu ncaxeyi), kale puree (lu mk’vaneyi), kale with rice (lu princoni), sautéed kale (lu pancayi), kale sarma (lu sarma).
Hamsi dishes
Fried hamsi (kapça tağaneyhi), hamsi bread (kopçoni mçkudi), hamsi with eggs (kapça makfaloni), hamsi pilaf (kapça princoni), hamsi bread on a pleki, a shallow oval stone baking dish (kapça geç’veyi).
Bean dishes
Stewed dry beans (xaci gubeyi), beaten beans (xaci ncaxeyi), beans without water (xaci geşieyi).
Other dishes
Fried cheese (mkvali getağaneyi), fried pickles (turşi tağaneyi), rice soup, kaplama, hand-made noodles (xeşi makayin).
Sweets
Laz börek (bureği), baklava, burma (bulma), sütlaç (rice pudding – sutli), gemsxineyi, kada, termoni (similar to aşure).
Tea and especially coffee is served accompanied by chocolate, various preserves and cookies.
Laz Cuisine
_________________________________Hamsi tava / Kapça Tağaneyi / Fried hamsi - |
Laz cuisine is generally confused with Black Sea cuisine. In addition to being unique in itself, Black Sea cuisine also contains several varieties within traditional Turkish cuisine. In other words, Black Sea cooking is not dominated by kale and hamsi as Laz cooking is. Black Sea cooking contains a richer variety; as the Black Sea is not at all a homogenous cultural area, it is natural that contain different culinary cultures as well.
Hamsi tava / kapça tağaneyi / Fried hamsi
Milk products, known in the Laz language as pucişi (pertaining to cows, from puci, cow), occupy an important place in Laz cooking and in everyday life. In the traditional Laz home, the ground floor is a stable. In the past, every home had three to five cows and great care was taken to avoid running out of milk. Still for various reasons, there were times when a family would have no milk. During such times, neighbors would give the milk two or three times a week; the would never leave a home without milk. Milk products such as cheese, butter, minci (a cheese made by pouring fresh milk into the whey left after cheese making), yogurt, ayran and sütlaç (rice pudding) were foods consumed every day in Laz households. For this reason a home where milk products were not being made was seen as half full, half hungry.
Fasulye / Beans |
Chicken and other fowl are also not much consumed in everyday Laz life. However chickens are quite valuable to the Laz. On some special days, when the groom was invited into the bride’s home or an important guest was being welcomed, a chicken would always be slaughtered. In the old days, chickens were raised in the village to meet the need for meat and eggs. But today there is not much poultry raised in the villages today.
Some examples of original Laz Cooking
The object in this article is not to provide recipes in the strict sense but rather to give the reader an idea of what is traditional to the Laz people. In this context some information is provided in the descriptions of some dishes and the ingredients used.
Kale dishes
Mashed kale (lu ncaxeyi), kale puree (lu mk’vaneyi), kale with rice (lu princoni), sautéed kale (lu pancayi), kale sarma (lu sarma).
Hamsi dishes
Fried hamsi (kapça tağaneyhi), hamsi bread (kopçoni mçkudi), hamsi with eggs (kapça makfaloni), hamsi pilaf (kapça princoni), hamsi bread on a pleki, a shallow oval stone baking dish (kapça geç’veyi).
Bean dishes
Stewed dry beans (xaci gubeyi), beaten beans (xaci ncaxeyi), beans without water (xaci geşieyi).
Other dishes
Fried cheese (mkvali getağaneyi), fried pickles (turşi tağaneyi), rice soup, kaplama, hand-made noodles (xeşi makayin).
Sweets
Laz börek (bureği), baklava, burma (bulma), sütlaç (rice pudding – sutli), gemsxineyi, kada, termoni (similar to aşure).
Tea and especially coffee is served accompanied by chocolate, various preserves and cookies.
Kaynak / Source
Türk Kültür Vakfı / Turkish Cultural Foundation
Kamil Aksoylu ( Laz dili, tarihi, kültürü ve toplumsal yapısı üzerine araştırmacı yazarımızdır. " Laz kültürü " adlı çalışmasını kitap olarak yayınlamıştır. Aksoylu’nun bu çalışması bugüne kadar Laz kültürü ile ilgili yayınlanan en kapsamlı çalışmadır. Aksoylu’nun çalışmasına dünyaca ünlü Japon dilbilimci Gôichi Kojima Laz dili üzerine görüşleriyle, arkeonometrist Dr. Mustafa Kibaroğlu da antik çağ Laz kültürü (Kolhi kültürü) üzerine görüşleriyle destek vermişlerdir. )
Berfend BER
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